Cutting Tool Engineering provides coverage of more than 210 of the products that exhibitors will showcase at IMTS 2016. They are divided into tooling and workholding products, machine tools and accessories, and metalworking products. Presented here is the preview for Metalworking Products.
CAM SOFTWARE. CNC Software Inc. says its Mastercam 2017 machining software features a new ribbon interface to make it easier to find the functions users need to complete tasks. The ribbon tabs similar functions and displays them from simple to more complex. Each tab relates to the type of activity, from creating wireframe geometry to generating toolpaths. Editing functions are on the same tab as creation functions to provide access to all the needed tools.
CNC Software Inc.
Booth: E-3340.
VIDEO CAMERA. The Luxxor portable video camera from Gradient Lens Corp. attaches to any Hawkeye rigid or flexible boroscope, as well as most other major boroscope brands. A boroscope can become a videoscope by attaching the boroscope to the video coupler of the Luxxor portable camera. This enables quality-assurance inspectors to quickly identify burrs and other defects inside even complex machined components.
Gradient Lens Corp.
Booth: E-5553.
SIMULATION SOFTWARE. CGTech has released Version 8 of its VERICUT CNC machine simulation, verification and optimization software. It simulates all types of CNC machining, including drilling and trimming composites, waterjet cutting, riveting, multitask machining and parallel kinematics. The software operates independently, but can be integrated with leading CAM systems. The Ribbon Bar upgrade allows users to quickly select the function they want to use.
CGTech
Booth: E-3346.
CAM MODULE. SPRING Technologies says its NCSIMUL CAM module streamlines the existing CAM process to simplify CNC programming. It allows users to change, with one click, the target machine without any reprogramming. From the main CAD/CAM program or machine CNC G code, the module generates programs for any machine tool that is verified and optimized without an external post-processor.
SPRING Technologies
Booth: E-3267.
MINIMUM-QUANTITY LUBRICATION. Unist Inc. says its Quantum system gives unprecedented control over MQL applications by digitally setting lubrication amounts to be precisely what is needed. A simple user interface makes setup easy for operators, and active monitoring with alerts lets users make parts with confidence, according to the company. The system is controlled from CNC programs using its RS-232 interface or from discrete inputs.
Unist Inc.
Booth: W-2179.
MAGNETIC SPINDLE ADAPTER. Laser Tools Co. Inc.'s L56SS bar feeder alignment system includes the AP56 magnetic spindle adapter, which provides instantaneous setup for the system’s concentric laser beam to shoot through a spindle. The compact adapter is reportedly 95 percent faster than traditional methods, accommodates bores as small as 1⁄16" (1.57mm) in diameter and is portable. Because the adapter works with all collet sizes and chucks, the alignment laser doesn’t need to be inserted in the spindle.
Laser Tools Co. Inc.
Booth: N-6344.
MANUFACTURING SOFTWARE. New modules to System Insights’ VIMANA predictive analytics platform for manufacturing intelligence include Maintain, for identifying the best strategies for taking preventive maintenance actions , and Sustain, which analyzes energy consumption.
System Insights
Booth: E-4149.
PACKAGING CONTAINERS. Beckett Packaging makes many styles and sizes of telescopic tubes for the cutting tool industry, as well as boxes, cases and containers for standard or specialized packaging. These provide simple solutions to packaging challenges.
Beckett Packaging
Booth: W-2163.
LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE. TDM Systems Inc. has released TDMnext, the newest generation of its lifecycle management software. The software is suitable for everything from entry-level activities to global-system integrations. It allows customers to overhaul and update their TDM software without complicated system changes and simplifies interface handling.
TDM Systems
Booth: W-1700
PARTS MARKING SYSTEM. The M4 Inline from Dapra Marking Systems is a turnkey parts marking system built around permanent dot-peen marking technology, It can mark text, logos, data matrix codes, bar codes and serial numbers. The system has a 16-bus card, high-resolution color screen, GUI interface and software. No personal computer is required for operation. According to the company, the system eliminates the need for additional vision identification and control equipment.
Dapra Marking Systems
Booth: N-6256.
I/O BLOCKS. Balluff Inc.’s network I/O Weldblocks are optimized for noisy electrical environments, such as welding applications. They are constructed with fiberglass-reinforced composite (polypropylene sulfide), which inherently resists weld spatter while effectively combatting grounding loops and electromagnetic interference. The blocks are equipped with a built-in enhanced webserver and port diagnostics for quick troubleshooting.
Balluff Inc.
Booth: E-4057.
ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY. Acoustech Systems’ N-series machining system features a nonrotating module capable of drilling, reaming and tapping, along with options for fixed-pocket machines (Acoustech NFP) and rotating-turret CNC lathes (Acoustech NRT). The ultrasonic technology enables machining of materials that previously were difficult or impossible to machine while reducing waste, coolant and tool wear, according to the company.
Acoustech Systems
Booth: N-6389.
MICROTOOL GAGE. Euro-Tech Corp. says the PG1000-400S-4K gage is ideal for inspecting microtools because it offers 400× magnification, X-micron linear scales and 4K inspection capability. Known as ultrahigh definition, 4K encompasses visual resolution technology that offers four times more pixels than conventional 1,080-pixel high-definition resolution. The gage comes with the company’s Reaction software, which enables real-time scale- and edge-detection inspections.
Euro-Tech Corp.
Booth: W-2453.
DOT-PEEN CONTROLLER. Automator America Inc.’s 3.0 release of its AC500 universal dot-peen controller has increased flash memory, extends the list of competitors’ marking heads that can be operated by the controller and includes market-requested software enhancements. Programming upgrades allow for deeper marks through multiple dot repetition. The controller weighs 1.46 kg (3.22 lbs.), has a fireproof and dust-resistant resin enclosure, and includes fan vents to enhance air circulation.
Automator America Inc.
Booth: N-6137.
TOOLING ADJUSTMENT SOFTWARE. Caron Engineering Inc.’s AutoComp software enables automatic tool offsetting and calculates the necessary tooling adjustments using any gage to provide dimensional measurements. The gaging devices include coordinate measuring machines, digital tools, vision systems and laser micrometers. The software’s PartView makes offset status intuitive, according to the company.
Caron Engineering Inc.
Booth: E-5636.
FLOORING TILES. ErgoDeck tiles from Wearwell Inc. can be installed to cover large areas or custom workstations in environments with foot and light-cart traffic to areas needing drainage or additional traction. According to the company, the product is engineered with the patented LockSafe technology for the evolving workplace.
Wearwell Inc.
Booth: NC-778.
STEEL GUARDING. Faztek LLC’s clipless steel guarding virtually eliminates horizontal waviness in wire panels and enhances rigidity. Not only does this create a more aesthetically pleasing product, but, by eliminating obtrusive clips that can snag clothing and loose articles, this steel guarding is safer. Steel guarding can be used to create robotic guards, safety guards, welding cells and conveyor guards.
Faztek LLC
Booth: NC-388.
TOOL ANALYZER. Winslow Engineering Inc.’s 560L video analyzer for cutting tools features a motorized zoom-lens assembly. When the operator selects a zoom position in the software, the motorized-zoom lens automatically moves to the appropriate setting without the need for manual lens adjustment.
Winslow Engineering Inc.
Booth: N-7275.
PORTABLE CMM. The 77 series Romer Absolute Arm portable coordinate measuring machine from Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence is for high-end 3D measurement applications. It achieves nearly a 20 percent improvement in scanning accuracy and a 15 percent improvement in touch-probe measurement accuracy compared to the company’s 75 series. The portable CMM is available in five volume-measuring sizes, from 2.5m (8.2’) to 4.5m (14.8’).
Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence
Booth: E-5202.
SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM. International Surface Technology, or ISTblast, says its screw conveyor system offers a safe and effective surface treatment process while facilitating recycling of popular abrasives, such as glass bead, aluminum oxide, sheet shot and steel grit. Users can achieve recycling rates of 95 percent or more. Recycling reduces abrasive consumption while protecting the environment from harmful sandblasting dust.
International Surface Technology
Booth: NC-141.
WATERPROOF CONNECTORS. Mencom Corp. offers a wide selection of waterproof connectors from IP44 and IP68. The IP (ingress protection) rating is a system for evaluating how “waterproof” a connector is. The first digit represents the protection rating against solid foreign objects, such as dust. The second digit represents the protection rating against liquids. IP65 connectors, for example, provide complete protection against dust and protection of waterjets from all directions.
Mencom Corp.
Booth: E-4152.
MAINTENANCE APP. Smartware Group Inc. launched its first native mobile application for Bigfoot CMMS, the cloud-based assets and equipment management software for maintenance teams. The mobile app provides access to core CMMS functionality using the same login credentials as the browser-based Bigfoot system. Users can quickly navigate parts, work orders and assets through the app’s quick-response code or swipe-gesture functionality.
Smartware Group Inc.
Booth: E-5919.
MEASURING SYSTEM. Pinpoint Laser Systems offers the Laser Microgage PRO dual-axis measuring system as a wireless, universal alignment kit. Applications include measuring stage and table runout, aligning bearings and journals, locating gantry rails and cross bridges, checking rail and track parallelism, leveling machinery, measuring shaft and machinery deflections, and providing preventative maintenance information.
Pinpoint Laser Systems
Booth: N-6354.
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE. Keyence Corp. says its XM series handheld-probe CMM provides intuitive 3D measurement that is unaffected by variation in measurement points among operators. It requires no previous knowledge of CMM programming. Users select measurement parameters and measure a target to complete programming. Because the images that guide the operator through the measurement positions can also be recorded, work instructions can be completed simultaneously.
Keyence Corp.
Booth: E-5044.
STOCK-HOLDING MAGNETS. Inside/Outside Angle Magnets from Strong Hand Tools hold stock using the inside or outside edges of a workpiece. The magnets hold stock from the outside to leave clearance for inside welds, or hold stock from the inside for outside welds. They are suitable for holding and positioning sheet metal, round pipes and square, angled or flat stock. They are fully enclosed for easy cleaning.
Strong Hand Tools
Booth: W-2088.
LASER MARKING. Schmidt’s Class IV laser is for marking large parts that would be impractical to mark with an enclosed laser. The most popular configuration comes with the fiber laser in standard wattages from 10w to 100w. The laser has a 30"×18" (762mm × 457.2mm) baseplate, allowing for easy integration into a range of applications, according to the company. The laser is run with PC-based software.
Schmidt
Booth: N-6159.
COOLANT FILTRATION. Abanaki Corp. offers the Oil Boss coolant filtration system. It uses a specialized collection medium and has a dual-chamber design that allows efficient removal of oil from coolant. The system comes equipped with MagnaCling technology, which allows it to hang from metal surfaces and CNC machines.
Abanaki Corp.
Booth: NC-124.
PVD COATING MACHINE. Kobelco Advanced Coating (America) Inc. says its AIPocket arc-ion-plating PVD coating machine is compact, easy to use and inexpensive. It is suitable for coating inserts, shaft tools, hobs, molds and small parts, such as those for the automotive, aerospace and medical industries.
Kobelco Advanced Coating (America) Inc.
Booth: W-1372.
SERVOMOTORS. Generation II Simotics 1FK7 servomotors from Siemens Industry Inc. are available with seven shaft heights, the Quick-Connect power connector and 20- and 24-bit, field-replaceable encoders in 10 styles. There are three inertia versions: standard, high dynamic for rapid-acceleration jobs and high inertia for maximum smooth running. The motors operate without external cooling.
Siemens Industry Inc.
Booth: E-4502.
BLASTING EQUIPMENT. Comco Inc.’s microabrasive blasters deburr, texture, peen and clean small parts. The equipment applies micron-sized particles of abrasives propelled out of a small nozzle tip at high velocity. It is effective for finishing an array of parts, such as hydraulic valves, gear splines, fuel injectors and medical devices. Manual and semiautomatic units are available.
Comco Inc.
Booth: N-7238.
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES. Revolution LM series CMMs from AIMS Metrology have linear motors and Renishaw REVO 5-axis scanning systems. The Revolution HB series shop floor CMMs are 5-axis mobile units. Both models are well-suited to the needs of the automotive, aerospace and medical markets, according to the company.
AIMS Metrology
Booth: E-5836.
ACCELEROMETER. GTI Predictive offers a Bluetooth accelerometer for iPad tablets. The sensor utilizes instant in-app pairing to make connecting the sensor as fast as possible, according to the company.
GTI Predictive
Booth: N-7433.
INSPECTION SYSTEM. O.C. White Co.’s Super-Scope HD inspection and metrology system provides up to 80× magnification and a choice of working distances, from 6" (152.4mm) to 12" (304.8mm). The system provides onboard image and video capture, calibrated measurement and still vs. live image comparison. A PC is not needed.
O.C. White Co.
Booth: NC-575.
PARTS CLEANER. MiJET’s hands-free parts cleaning and collection system uses an existing shop air line and requires no electricity. Stepping on the foot pedal directs air to flow from the fixed nozzle, while also turning on the suction fan to pull coolant into the container. Exhausted air is filtered to levels that can help a facility meet OSHA standards. The system is useful at an inspection station to clean oily parts prior to inspection and improves air quality.
MiJET
Booth: NC-461.
CONVEYOR. The EcoFilter conveyor from Jorgensen Conveyors Inc. features a two-stage chip-removal and coolant-filtration design. Large-chip removal is done with a hinged steel-belt conveyor, and, in a secondary process, fines are separated from the coolant via a wedge-wire filter cell. Brushes wipe the fines from the surface of the cell, where they can then flow to the bottom of the conveyor. Less chip migration to the coolant tank means less tank cleanout and production downtime.
Jorgensen Conveyors Inc.
Booth: NC-542.
GRINDING FLUID. The SintoGrind IG 540 fluid from oelheld U.S. Inc. is for grinding cutting tool flutes, profiles, IDs and ODs. It is suitable for grinding a variety of materials, including tungsten carbide, HSS, PCD, PCBN, cermet and ceramics. It protects against cobalt leaching, is low foaming, helps impart a fine surface finish, offers excellent flushing and cooling properties, has a high flash point and smells pleasant, according to the company.
oelheld U.S. Inc.
Booth: N-7475.
CAM SOFTWARE. 3D Systems Corp. says its GibbsCAM 2016 CAM software delivers increased efficiency, accelerated programming speed, and enhanced visualization and accuracy for CNC machine programming. The enhanced thread milling function includes support for multiple-point tools, tapered threads for single- and multiple-point tools and improved simulation. Added toolpath strategies for 5-axis milling enable users to define toolpath direction using the natural flow of a part surface using the software's Flowline option.
3D Systems Corp.
Booth: S-9119.
CLOUD-BASED PLATFORM. MakeTime Inc. offers a cloud-based platform that matches a prequalified network of nationwide suppliers with excess machine capacity to companies that need parts. According to the company, the platform streamlines and simplifies the manufacturing process for the entire supply chain, providing local, on-demand manufacturing across the U.S. that’s fast, bonded and reliable. This ranges from supplier vetting and RFQs to inspection and delivery.
MakeTime Inc.
Booth: E-3024.
DEBURRING, POLISHING. Bel Air Finishing Supply Inc. offers a line of deburring and polishing equipment for one-piece flow or mass-finishing processes. According to the company, the equipment can work seamlessly with users’ existing machinery, processes and manufacturing cultures. Equipment is available for finishing ferrous and nonferrous metals, cast and molded parts, electronic components, delicate parts, and stamped and extruded parts.
Bel Air Finishing Supply Inc.
Booth: N-7567.
THREAD INSPECTION SYSTEM. The Johnson Gage Co.’s JCR runout and concentricity inspection system is for verification of cylindrical runout. The system can be used by itself or with an optical comparator for verification of cutting tool geometries. It incorporates datum rolls, an upper tension roll assembly, and integral axial stop pins to ensure proper part staging and absolute gage accuracy.
The Johnson Gage Co.
Booth: E-5305.
SWING DOORS. Rousseau Metal Inc. offers new swing doors for its “R” line of heavy-duty cabinets and shelving. The doors adjust vertically and horizontally to compensate for uneven floors. The ergonomic handles intuitively turn to the left or right for easy opening. Solid and polycarbonate versions are available.
Rousseau Metal Inc.
Booth: W-2457.
SUMP-PUMP VACUUM. Nilfisk Industrial Vacuums’ VHO200 sump-pump vacuum collects metal chips and lubricant and coolant spills, and recycles, separates and discharges gallons of liquids in minutes. Equipped with a diverting valve to reverse the airflow, liquids are quickly pumped out of the tank. Three optional filters are available for higher filtration levels.
Nilfisk Industrial Vacuums
Booth: NC-309.
PROBES, TOOL SETTERS. Marposs Corp. offers Mida diamond touch probes and tool setters. The probes feature piezoelectric technology and are available with various transmission methods, including wired, optical and radio. The tool setters implement a vision technology that uses a video camera to detect tool dimensions, particularly those of microtools, and perform complex measurements.
Marposs Corp.
Booths: E-5516, S-8719.
CAD/CAM PLUG-IN. BobART from BobCAD-CAM Inc. is an artistic CAD/CAM plug-in for Solidworks. Creative tool sets allow Solidworks users to apply artistic elements to CNC-manufactured products, such as signs, jewelry and molds. According to the company, the module enables new revenue-generating activities through expanded product offerings and increased opportunities for upselling.
BobCAD-CAM Inc.
Booths: E-3263, NC-613.
FIBER LASER MARKING. FOBA Laser Marking + Engraving says its Y-Series provides compact, modular and flexible fiber laser marking. The system integrates a range of lasers, optics, a vision system and standard customer interfaces. One laser scan head can handle a range of speeds and quality requirements.
FOBA Laser Marking + Engraving
Booth: N-6038.
PARTS CLEANER. Dürr Ecoclean Inc. offers the EcoCCore solvent-based parts cleaning system, which uses nonhalogenated hydrocarbons or modified alcohols. Switching from one solvent to the other is easy, according to the company. The machine operates under full vacuum conditions and provides heat recovery and full-flow plus bypass filtration capabilities. It comes with two flood tanks.
Dürr Ecoclean Inc.
Booth: NC-276.
SEALING SYSTEMS. The TESS (Thermal Expansion Sealing Systems) from Maier America LLC combines the benefits of a permanently closed seal and the capability to run dry. The system works like a classical closed seal when coolant flows through it. For dry operation, the system detects an increase in temperature and reduces the specific closing pressure applied to the seal faces without separating them.
Maier America LLC
Booth: NC-747.
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM. Sanborn Technologies says its UF 250 ultrafiltration system reduces oily wastewater disposal by up to 98 percent without any chemicals. The advanced membrane technology provides cost-effective waste reduction of spent coolants, floor washings, aqueous parts washer discharges and vibratory finishing effluents.
Sanborn Technologies
Booth: N-7538.
SUMP CLEANER. CECOR has introduced the SE15-60PL single-phase, 60-gal. (227 L) Sump Shark sump cleaner. With a suction lift of 13" HG or 177" water and pumping rate of 60 gpm, the cleaner can suck an entire sump of metalworking fluid entrained with sludge or chip in minutes, according to the company. As contents enter the unit, an onboard filter separates fluid from the solids. It has overfill protection and all discharge ports are valved.
CECOR
Booth: NC-363.
CHIP PROCESSOR. PRAB Inc.’s E-Series chip processing system reduces volumes of metal turnings into thumbnail-size chips, separates oil and dry chips, and collects oil for reuse. According to the company, it engineers and manufacturers the equipment based upon the exact needs and specifications of the application. This enables end users to be assured the equipment will work in the application for which it was designed and deliver long-term, reliable service.
PRAB Inc.
Booth: NC-238.
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. InfiniteFocus from Alicona Corp. is an optical 3D surface measurement system. With the Automation Manager interface, end users can perform measurements automatically. This enables the use of the measurement system in production environments by operators without any measurement know-how, according to the company. The measurement results are directly relayed to a production control system.
Alicona Corp.
Booth: E-5833.
OPTICAL SURFACE INSPECTION. The IPS 400 from Jenoptik Automotive North America is for rapid optical surface inspection of flat, machined surfaces. The system provides a map of critical surfaces of parts, such as crank cases, cylinder heads and valve bodies, where surface condition is essential to effective sealing and economical functioning. The system detects common surface defects, including burrs, pores, hit marks and scratches. The inspection area is 400mm wide × 800mm long (15.75"×31.50").
Jenoptik Automotive North America
Booth: E-5536.
MONITORING SYSTEM. FactoryWiz Monitoring from Refresh Your Memory Inc. collects live, unbiased shop floor data to create baseline metrics and identify process-improvement opportunities. The system reportedly enables the status of, and reports for, CNC machinery and other production equipment to be available 24/7 on large display monitors in common work areas, desktop monitors and mobile devices from any web-enabled product anywhere in the world. It is MTConnect-compliant.
Refresh Your Memory Inc.
Booth: E-3363.
FILTRATION SYSTEM. Transor Filter says its V-Series filtration system combines the convenience of the company’s centralized unit with the expandability of smaller, modular models. The system has a filter module that consists of three filter vessels, a filter pump and the required plumbing. Each filter module supports three machine tools. A base unit can initially be configured to accommodate future growth.
Transor Filter
Booth: N-7440.
SLUDGE RECYCLING. Tungco Powder Procurement specializes in recycling tungsten-carbide sludge, also known as swarf or soft scrap. The company says it provides a prompt, accurate analysis of the material and buys wet or dry sludge with tungsten content from 20 to 90 percent. The company purchases from domestic and international sources and assists with any logistics.
Tungco Powder Procurement
Booth: W-2192.
PARTS CLEANING. An Ultrasonics parts cleaning system from Miraclean Aqueous Cleaning Systems can be designed for cleaning, penetrant inspection or citric and/or nitric passivation. The automated system has a small footprint. The company provides technical information about setting up a citric passivation line and citric passivation equipment and chemistry.
Miraclean Aqueous Cleaning Systems
Booth: NC-339.
PARTS CLEANING SYSTEM. Crest Ultrasonics’ Solvac S-1 solvent cleaning system is based on immersion/vapor-phase cleaning technology using nonflammable, halogenated solvents. To effectively clean parts with minimal solvent usage, the system has a “sealed lid” design and employs “Vaportronic” electronically controlled pulse heating. It is suitable for cleaning ferrous, nonferrous and sintered materials.
Crest Ultrasonics
Booth: NC-245.
MAGNETIC BATONS. Master Magnetics says its Magnetic Retrieving Batons effectively remove machining-generated, wet and dry fine metallic filings, turnings, swarf and shavings. They are constructed with neodymium magnets to maximize holding power, have a noncorrosive stainless steel housing and are available in four styles.
Master Magnetics
Booth: W-2280.
TRAMP OIL SEPARATOR. The mobile centrifuge from Eriez provides high-speed centrifugation. It recycles fluids at the machine sump by placing suction and return hoses directly in the sump, removing free and emulsified oils from water-miscible coolants and aqueous cleaners. The unit automatically shuts off when the tramp oil collection tank is full.
Eriez
Booth: N-6966.
TOOL MEASUREMENT. Zoller Inc.’s compact roboSet 2 smart automation solution for tool measurement can be coupled with the company’s Genius or Titan universal measuring machines, and it can be supplied with laser or ultrasound-cleaning capabilities. It has a multiple-pallet system for unmanned QA and production processes.
Zoller Inc.
Booth: W-2022.
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. Mahr Federal Inc.’s MarShaft SCOPE 600 plus 3D provides 3D functionality and workpiece inspection in a single measurement. The matrix camera optically measures characteristics such as diameter, length, radius and shape. A 2D sensor detects features that are not optically measurable, such as cam lift on a concave cam profile and reference, or clocking, features, such as holes and keyways.
Mahr Federal Inc.
Booth: E-5614.
Related Glossary Terms
- Brinell hardness number ( HB)
Brinell hardness number ( HB)
Number related to the applied load (usually, 500 kgf and 3,000 kgf) and to the surface area of the permanent impression made by a 10mm ball indenter. The Brinell hardness number is a calculated value of the applied load (kgf) divided by the surface area of the indentation (mm2). Therefore, the unit of measure of a Brinell hardness number is kgf/mm2, but it is always omitted.
- abrasive
abrasive
Substance used for grinding, honing, lapping, superfinishing and polishing. Examples include garnet, emery, corundum, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride and diamond in various grit sizes.
- aluminum oxide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum oxide, also known as corundum, is used in grinding wheels. The chemical formula is Al2O3. Aluminum oxide is the base for ceramics, which are used in cutting tools for high-speed machining with light chip removal. Aluminum oxide is widely used as coating material applied to carbide substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Coated carbide inserts with Al2O3 layers withstand high cutting speeds, as well as abrasive and crater wear.
- centrifuge
centrifuge
Filtering device that uses a spinning bowl and the differences in specific gravities of materials to separate one from another. A centrifuge can be used to separate loosely emulsified and free oils from water-diluted metalworking fluid mixes and to remove metalworking fluids from chips.
- ceramics
ceramics
Cutting tool materials based on aluminum oxide and silicon nitride. Ceramic tools can withstand higher cutting speeds than cemented carbide tools when machining hardened steels, cast irons and high-temperature alloys.
- clearance
clearance
Space provided behind a tool’s land or relief to prevent rubbing and subsequent premature deterioration of the tool. See land; relief.
- collet
collet
Flexible-sided device that secures a tool or workpiece. Similar in function to a chuck, but can accommodate only a narrow size range. Typically provides greater gripping force and precision than a chuck. See chuck.
- composites
composites
Materials composed of different elements, with one element normally embedded in another, held together by a compatible binder.
- computer numerical control ( CNC)
computer numerical control ( CNC)
Microprocessor-based controller dedicated to a machine tool that permits the creation or modification of parts. Programmed numerical control activates the machine’s servos and spindle drives and controls the various machining operations. See DNC, direct numerical control; NC, numerical control.
- computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM)
computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM)
Use of computers to control machining and manufacturing processes.
- coolant
coolant
Fluid that reduces temperature buildup at the tool/workpiece interface during machining. Normally takes the form of a liquid such as soluble or chemical mixtures (semisynthetic, synthetic) but can be pressurized air or other gas. Because of water’s ability to absorb great quantities of heat, it is widely used as a coolant and vehicle for various cutting compounds, with the water-to-compound ratio varying with the machining task. See cutting fluid; semisynthetic cutting fluid; soluble-oil cutting fluid; synthetic cutting fluid.
- flash
flash
Thin web or film of metal on a casting that occurs at die partings and around air vents and movable cores. This excess metal is due to necessary working and operating clearances in a die. Flash also is the excess material squeezed out of the cavity as a compression mold closes or as pressure is applied to the cavity.
- flat ( screw flat)
flat ( screw flat)
Flat surface machined into the shank of a cutting tool for enhanced holding of the tool.
- flutes
flutes
Grooves and spaces in the body of a tool that permit chip removal from, and cutting-fluid application to, the point of cut.
- gang cutting ( milling)
gang cutting ( milling)
Machining with several cutters mounted on a single arbor, generally for simultaneous cutting.
- grinding
grinding
Machining operation in which material is removed from the workpiece by a powered abrasive wheel, stone, belt, paste, sheet, compound, slurry, etc. Takes various forms: surface grinding (creates flat and/or squared surfaces); cylindrical grinding (for external cylindrical and tapered shapes, fillets, undercuts, etc.); centerless grinding; chamfering; thread and form grinding; tool and cutter grinding; offhand grinding; lapping and polishing (grinding with extremely fine grits to create ultrasmooth surfaces); honing; and disc grinding.
- high-speed steels ( HSS)
high-speed steels ( HSS)
Available in two major types: tungsten high-speed steels (designated by letter T having tungsten as the principal alloying element) and molybdenum high-speed steels (designated by letter M having molybdenum as the principal alloying element). The type T high-speed steels containing cobalt have higher wear resistance and greater red (hot) hardness, withstanding cutting temperature up to 1,100º F (590º C). The type T steels are used to fabricate metalcutting tools (milling cutters, drills, reamers and taps), woodworking tools, various types of punches and dies, ball and roller bearings. The type M steels are used for cutting tools and various types of dies.
- lapping compound( powder)
lapping compound( powder)
Light, abrasive material used for finishing a surface.
- metalworking
metalworking
Any manufacturing process in which metal is processed or machined such that the workpiece is given a new shape. Broadly defined, the term includes processes such as design and layout, heat-treating, material handling and inspection.
- metrology
metrology
Science of measurement; the principles on which precision machining, quality control and inspection are based. See precision machining, measurement.
- milling
milling
Machining operation in which metal or other material is removed by applying power to a rotating cutter. In vertical milling, the cutting tool is mounted vertically on the spindle. In horizontal milling, the cutting tool is mounted horizontally, either directly on the spindle or on an arbor. Horizontal milling is further broken down into conventional milling, where the cutter rotates opposite the direction of feed, or “up” into the workpiece; and climb milling, where the cutter rotates in the direction of feed, or “down” into the workpiece. Milling operations include plane or surface milling, endmilling, facemilling, angle milling, form milling and profiling.
- minimum-quantity lubrication
minimum-quantity lubrication
Use of cutting fluids of only a minute amount—typically at a flow rate of 50 to 500 ml/hr.—which is about three to four orders of magnitude lower than the amount commonly used in flood cooling. The concept addresses the issues of environmental intrusiveness and occupational hazards associated with the airborne cutting fluid particles on factory shop floors. The minimization of cutting fluid also saves lubricant costs and the cleaning cycle time for workpieces, tooling and machines. Sometimes referred to as “near-dry lubrication” or “microlubrication.”
- parallel
parallel
Strip or block of precision-ground stock used to elevate a workpiece, while keeping it parallel to the worktable, to prevent cutter/table contact.
- physical vapor deposition ( PVD)
physical vapor deposition ( PVD)
Tool-coating process performed at low temperature (500° C), compared to chemical vapor deposition (1,000° C). Employs electric field to generate necessary heat for depositing coating on a tool’s surface. See CVD, chemical vapor deposition.
- polishing
polishing
Abrasive process that improves surface finish and blends contours. Abrasive particles attached to a flexible backing abrade the workpiece.
- polycrystalline cubic boron nitride ( PCBN)
polycrystalline cubic boron nitride ( PCBN)
Cutting tool material consisting of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride with a metallic or ceramic binder. PCBN is available either as a tip brazed to a carbide insert carrier or as a solid insert. Primarily used for cutting hardened ferrous alloys.
- polycrystalline diamond ( PCD)
polycrystalline diamond ( PCD)
Cutting tool material consisting of natural or synthetic diamond crystals bonded together under high pressure at elevated temperatures. PCD is available as a tip brazed to a carbide insert carrier. Used for machining nonferrous alloys and nonmetallic materials at high cutting speeds.
- recovery
recovery
Reduction or removal of workhardening effects, without motion of large-angle grain boundaries.
- shop air
shop air
Pressurized air system that cools the workpiece and tool when machining dry. Also refers to central pneumatic system.
- spindle adapter
spindle adapter
Bushing or toolholder that permits affixing a variety of taper- and straight-shank tools to a machine spindle.
- swarf
swarf
Metal fines and grinding wheel particles generated during grinding.
- tapping
tapping
Machining operation in which a tap, with teeth on its periphery, cuts internal threads in a predrilled hole having a smaller diameter than the tap diameter. Threads are formed by a combined rotary and axial-relative motion between tap and workpiece. See tap.
- toolpath( cutter path)
toolpath( cutter path)
2-D or 3-D path generated by program code or a CAM system and followed by tool when machining a part.
- tramp oil
tramp oil
Oil that is present in a metalworking fluid mix that is not from the product concentrate. The usual sources are machine tool lubrication system leaks.
- tungsten carbide ( WC)
tungsten carbide ( WC)
Intermetallic compound consisting of equal parts, by atomic weight, of tungsten and carbon. Sometimes tungsten carbide is used in reference to the cemented tungsten carbide material with cobalt added and/or with titanium carbide or tantalum carbide added. Thus, the tungsten carbide may be used to refer to pure tungsten carbide as well as co-bonded tungsten carbide, which may or may not contain added titanium carbide and/or tantalum carbide.
- turning
turning
Workpiece is held in a chuck, mounted on a face plate or secured between centers and rotated while a cutting tool, normally a single-point tool, is fed into it along its periphery or across its end or face. Takes the form of straight turning (cutting along the periphery of the workpiece); taper turning (creating a taper); step turning (turning different-size diameters on the same work); chamfering (beveling an edge or shoulder); facing (cutting on an end); turning threads (usually external but can be internal); roughing (high-volume metal removal); and finishing (final light cuts). Performed on lathes, turning centers, chucking machines, automatic screw machines and similar machines.
- vision system
vision system
System in which information is extracted from visual sensors to allow machines to react to changes in the manufacturing process.
- waterjet cutting
waterjet cutting
Fine, high-pressure (up to 50,000 psi or greater), high-velocity jet of water directed by a small nozzle to cut material. Velocity of the stream can exceed twice the speed of sound. Nozzle opening ranges from between 0.004" to 0.016" (0.l0mm to 0.41mm), producing a very narrow kerf. See AWJ, abrasive waterjet.
- waviness
waviness
The more widely spaced component of the surface texture. Includes all irregularities spaced more widely than the instrument cutoff setting. See flows; lay; roughness.