Tracing 3D-printed parts: Design & Engineering

When additive manufacturing was used almost exclusively for prototyping and other non-serial-production applications, part traceability and material authentication were not relevant. That situation changed about five years ago when additive manufacturing technology started being used much more for production applications, said Cody Burke, co-founder and COO of SmartParts in New York City. Print Parts Inc., an additive manufacturing service bureau that his business partner Robert Haleluk founded in 2017, launched SmartParts in 2020.

“We were keen on figuring out how the additive industry can really take off for production and what the largest barriers will be,” Burke said. “We identified traceability as a key aspect to getting the technology into real production applications.”

Although a variety of part traceability solutions are available for traditional manufacturing processes, including bar coding, laser etching and adding serial numbers and radio frequency identification, he said those technologies are not particularly efficient or effective for additively manufactured parts, which tend to have complex geometries and can be microscale.

“For example,” Burke said, “there are patient-specific 3D-printed parts that go into human bodies. How do you put serial numbers or bar codes onto those parts? How do you tell the difference between a part that came from two different machines in two different locations?”

To overcome those challenges, SmartParts reports that it developed an integrated solution that combines advanced material taggants, hardware and software to connect manufacturing data to additive materials and parts.

SmartParts’ technology allows a user to scan a part like a bar code. Image courtesy of SmartParts

Burke said at the core of the solution is SmartParts’ Intelligent Materials, which are particle taggants that are added into base materials at low concentrations of parts per million or even parts per billion. The particles are encoded with a unique identifier to create an authentication system for various materials from polymers to metals.

“We are material agnostic,” he said.

Burke said the company can control particle size and shape to a high level of fidelity and obtain the optimal response for a specific additive material. For instance, particles added to a metal powder might be spherical and 20 µm (0.0008″) in diameter so they mix evenly with the powder, which would be significantly different from particles added to a resin.

He said some applications, such as ones for the aerospace industry, might stipulate that an additional element cannot be added to the base material. In those cases, the company can apply its technology as a coating, dye or paint to the part exterior to accomplish the same result.

“It’s not as elegant because it’s not embedded in the material from the beginning,” Burke said, “but it still adds a level of traceability that additive manufacturing has not experienced before.”