soaking
Prolonged holding of a metal at a selected temperature to homogenize its structure or composition.
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Glossary Terms
solid model
3-D model created using “building blocks.” This is the most accurate way of representing real-world objects in CAD.
soluble-oil cutting fluid
Fluid in which oil is suspended in water. Because water is a superior heat-removal agent, this fluid is primarily used when lubrication is …
spade drill
Flat end-cutting tool used to produce holes ranging from about 1" to 6" in diameter. Spade drills consist of an interchangeable cutting bla…
spade drilling
Drilling operation in which a machine powers a cutting tool consisting of a holder and flat, interchangeable end-cutting blades. Spade dril…
spark-out (sparking out)
Grinding of a workpiece at the end of a grind cycle without engaging any further down feed. The grinding forces are allowed to subside with…
statistical process control (SPC)
Statistical techniques to measure and analyze the extent to which a process deviates from a set standard.
specific power consumption
It is also called the unit power, or power constant, which is equal to the power required to cut a material at the rate of one cubic inch p…
spindle adapter
Bushing or toolholder that permits affixing a variety of taper- and straight-shank tools to a machine spindle.
spindle finishing
Mass finishing process in which workpieces are individually mounted on spindles then lowered into a rotating tub containing the finishing m…
spiral milling
Milling while simultaneously rotating and feeding the workpiece to create a spiral form. Often used to mill flutes on endmill and twist-dri…
sponge
Form of metal characterized by a porous condition that is the result of the decomposition or reduction of a compound without fusion. The te…