Glossary Terms

Turning machine designed to produce parts automatically from coil or bar stock. The two basic types are cam (mechanical) and programmable (computer-controlled). Usually single-spindle, but Swiss types often have multiple spindles. See lathe; turning machine.

Mechanism typically included in a machining center that, on the appropriate command, removes one cutting tool from the spindle nose and replaces it with another. The changer restores the used tool to the magazine and selects and withdraws the next desired tool from the storage magazine.

Approach under which all or part of a machining or manufacturing process is accomplished by setting in motion a sequence that completes the process without further human intervention. May be mechanical (controlled by stops, cams, etc.), electrical (controlled by relays, contact switches, etc.) or electronic (computer- or microprocessor-controlled). “Fully automated” implies computer-integrated manufacturing. See CIM, computer-integrated manufacturing.

When drilling, a force that is directed axially—along the direction of machining. The magnitude of an axial force rises with the drill’s diameter and the chisel edge’s width. Axial force is also known as thrust. When turning and boring, the term “feed force” is commonly used instead of “axial force.” See cutting force.

On angular tool flutes, the angle between the tooth face and the axial plane through the tool point.

Joint, rotational, directional or transversal movement of which the robot is capable. See degrees of freedom.

Smoothing and shining a surface by pressing an abrasive compound, embedded in a soft wheel or belt, against the workpiece.

1. Flexible portion of a bandsaw blade. 2. Support material behind the cutting edge of a tool. 3. Base material for coated abrasives.

Reaction in dynamic motion systems where potential energy that was created while the object was in motion is released when the object stops. Release of this potential energy or inertia causes the device to quickly snap backward relative to the last direction of motion.

Rapid withdrawal of the tool from the workpiece.

Support that mounts on a cylindrical grinder to prevent deflection when grinding long, small-diameter stock.

Additive to cutting fluids to inhibit bacterial growth. See fungicide.