KOMET GROUP is using Renishaw metal additive-manufacturing technology to produce new ranges of innovative cutting tools. As well as allowing special cutters to be produced more quickly, the use of additive manufacturing enables more complex shapes to be generated, both for the external shape of the tooling and for the internal cooling channels.
Background
Germany's KOMET GROUP is one of the world's leading suppliers of precision cutting tools and has supplied innovation to the machining industry for almost 100 years. The Group, which has its headquarters in Besigheim, currently employs more than 1,500 people, including its subsidiaries, and is represented in around 50 countries.
KOMET GROUP is a global technology leader in the fields of high-precision drilling, reaming, milling, threading and process monitoring.
In addition to developing, manufacturing and distributing high-quality premium products, the company uses its years of technical know-how to analyze customers' production processes, right down to the smallest detail, and then develop tailored solutions to help them achieve greater efficiency for all stages of their machining.
Challenge
With such a strong focus on innovation and continuous development, it was perhaps inevitable that KOMET GROUP staff would come up with some tooling designs that were too expensive, or even impossible, to make with conventional manufacturing methods.
As a result, Dr. Reinhard Durst, R&D manager for hard metal tools at KOMET GROUP, has been investigating the potential of additive manufacturing for tooling production and the equipment available on the market for several years.
The ability to freely design the internal and external tool geometry alone means that excluding this additive process from our future plans would be inconceivable. It gives us the ability to increase tool performance and productivity to such a great extent that it creates considerable added value for our customers.
Solution
Dr. Durst has been working with Renishaw for the last year, “because its offer has convinced us from a technical as well as an application point of view.” This transfer of knowledge and know-how is inherent throughout Renishaw's new and growing network of Additive Manufacturing Solutions Centres. Before buying the machine outright, customers can lease the latest Renishaw equipment at a Solutions Centre and work independently on their projects. Renishaw staff are always available to provide advice on the use of the machines. In this way, potential customers can familiarize themselves with additive manufacturing technology, with expert help on hand, and discover how it might meet their specific requirements, without the need for a large up-front investment.
“We are aiming for a win-win situation,” explained Ralph Mayer, the manager responsible for additive manufacturing services at Renishaw GmbH. “With our support, the customer shortens their learning curve and reduces the number of potential mistakes to a minimum. We only raise the question of purchasing a system when the customer is clear that it will provide added value for them. At the same time, we gather valuable information about the needs of the industry, which we can use to develop our machines and technology further.”
“Parts produced with additive manufacturing can reach an up to 99.9 percent consistent structure, just like rolled or cast metal components,” explained Mayer. “However, the correct strategy must be applied for every component. Our strength lies in our skill in analyzing the technical challenges of our customers' components and working with our customers to find the most effective solution.”
Renishaw's metal additive manufacturing system uses laser powder bed fusion technology in an inert argon atmosphere. An extremely thin bed of metal powder is laid down and areas that will form the component are melted using a high performance ytterbium fiber laser and then solidified on cooling. This process is repeated with layers of metal powder, typically between 20 and 60μm thick, until the part is finished. The thinner the layers, the better the accuracy and surface quality of the finished part.
Renishaw has contributed a wealth of knowledge to help us find the parameters that are needed to produce a good tool. The new design freedom from AM technology and the cooperation with Renishaw is helping us to develop even more innovative tool solutions.
Results
The first of the projects handled jointly between Komet and Renishaw was the development of a new range of PCD screw-in milling cutters. The main bodies of the cutters are manufactured on a Renishaw metal additive manufacturing system, with multiple bodies produced during each cycle of the machine, and then fitted with PCD blades and screwed onto their tool holders.
The use of the Renishaw technology to manufacture the tools allows geometries to be produced that would be almost impossible by conventional means. “Thanks to the additive process we have been able to place many more PCD blades on each tool,” explained Dr. Durst.
“We have changed the arrangement of the blades and achieved a substantially greater axis angle. Compared to conventional milled tools, we have greatly shortened the grooves. These changes mean that the tool is a lot more productive for the user.” For example, with a 32mm screw-in head, the number of grooves and blades has been increased from six to 10, achieving a feed rate that can be up to 50 percent higher.
In addition, the ability to optimize the paths of the coolant channels ensures that each cutting edge is supplied precisely with coolant through a separate channel, while the external design of the bodies helps to ensure that chips are removed reliably from the face of the tool.
AM also offers the potential to reduce component weight since material can be used only where it is necessary for the optimum functionality in the component. It also outperforms conventional production methods in terms of delivery time for any special or experimental tools needed by Komet's customers.
“The ability to freely design the internal and external tool geometry alone means that excluding this additive process from our future plans would be inconceivable,” predicted Dr. Durst. “It gives us the ability to increase tool performance and productivity to such a great extent that it creates considerable added value for our customers.”
Dr. Durst considers the decision to work in partnership with Renishaw to be fully justified. “It is not easy for a company that is new to metal additive manufacturing technology to work out the best laser parameters on its own,” he claimed. “Renishaw has contributed a wealth of knowledge to help us find the parameters that are needed to produce a good tool. The new design freedom from additive manufacturing technology and the cooperation with Renishaw is helping us to develop even more innovative tool solutions.”
Related Glossary Terms
- coolant
coolant
Fluid that reduces temperature buildup at the tool/workpiece interface during machining. Normally takes the form of a liquid such as soluble or chemical mixtures (semisynthetic, synthetic) but can be pressurized air or other gas. Because of water’s ability to absorb great quantities of heat, it is widely used as a coolant and vehicle for various cutting compounds, with the water-to-compound ratio varying with the machining task. See cutting fluid; semisynthetic cutting fluid; soluble-oil cutting fluid; synthetic cutting fluid.
- feed
feed
Rate of change of position of the tool as a whole, relative to the workpiece while cutting.
- gang cutting ( milling)
gang cutting ( milling)
Machining with several cutters mounted on a single arbor, generally for simultaneous cutting.
- lapping compound( powder)
lapping compound( powder)
Light, abrasive material used for finishing a surface.
- milling
milling
Machining operation in which metal or other material is removed by applying power to a rotating cutter. In vertical milling, the cutting tool is mounted vertically on the spindle. In horizontal milling, the cutting tool is mounted horizontally, either directly on the spindle or on an arbor. Horizontal milling is further broken down into conventional milling, where the cutter rotates opposite the direction of feed, or “up” into the workpiece; and climb milling, where the cutter rotates in the direction of feed, or “down” into the workpiece. Milling operations include plane or surface milling, endmilling, facemilling, angle milling, form milling and profiling.
- polycrystalline diamond ( PCD)
polycrystalline diamond ( PCD)
Cutting tool material consisting of natural or synthetic diamond crystals bonded together under high pressure at elevated temperatures. PCD is available as a tip brazed to a carbide insert carrier. Used for machining nonferrous alloys and nonmetallic materials at high cutting speeds.
- threading
threading
Process of both external (e.g., thread milling) and internal (e.g., tapping, thread milling) cutting, turning and rolling of threads into particular material. Standardized specifications are available to determine the desired results of the threading process. Numerous thread-series designations are written for specific applications. Threading often is performed on a lathe. Specifications such as thread height are critical in determining the strength of the threads. The material used is taken into consideration in determining the expected results of any particular application for that threaded piece. In external threading, a calculated depth is required as well as a particular angle to the cut. To perform internal threading, the exact diameter to bore the hole is critical before threading. The threads are distinguished from one another by the amount of tolerance and/or allowance that is specified. See turning.
