Up to Speed: 5-Axis Machining

Advanced machine technology requires advanced training options.

Courtesy of Makino

Makino conducts a training session at one of the machine tool builder’s facilities.

Consider the following scenario: Realizing that advanced machining capabilities are needed to effectively compete and grow your business, you buy a new 5-axis horizontal machining center. Your shop’s staff includes competent and experienced machinists, programmers and maintenance technicians, but they’re not familiar with this type of equipment, having only worked in the 3- and 4-axis machining realm.

That means they need training. But how much is needed? Where should it take place? Who should be trained? What courses should they take? And how much is it going to cost?

Metalworking professionals know the cost of an insert, toolholder, high-pressure coolant system and machine tool, but often have no idea what training costs, according to Rod Jones, chief learning officer for DMG/Mori Seiki University at DMG/Mori Seiki USA Inc., Hoffman Estates, Ill. “When I talk to people in the manufacturing environment about training, they have no value benchmark to measure against because most shops have not done training,” he said. “If I tell someone the training program is going to cost $5,000 or $50,000, I get about the same reaction because he doesn’t know how much it should cost.”

Although having trained workers is invaluable, Jones added that training is a difficult activity to justify because determining its return on investment is a struggle. “I had my own business before I came here, and I would tell people the training program is going to cost you $5,000. If you want to measure the results of it that’s a $50,000 research study afterwards,” he quipped, noting that the statement is true.

Training requires an investment not only from the end user but from the machine tool builder as well. Jones pointed out that DMG/Mori Seiki’s main training facility consumes 12,000 sq. ft. of space, has 10 machine tools worth more than $3 million and is staffed by 10 workers. “People come to our facility and think, ‘This costs you guys money.’ You’re darn right it does,” he said. “We’re not a profit center. It is part of the value of buying our machines and is subsidized by the purchase.” Although the average cost of industrial training in a facility is about $2,000 per week per person, DMG/Mori Seiki charges a third of that, according to Jones.

Training Credits

Machine builders typically provide various options for training customers that purchase a new piece of capital equipment. Mason, Ohio-based Makino Inc., for example, provides customers with two training credits when buying a new machine, and each credit is good for one person to attend a class at a Makino facility, explained Joe Dermody, the company’s training project leader. Those 2½- to 4½-day classes include operations, manual part programming, macro programming and maintenance, and, if needed, Makino provides an interpreter for courses held in Mexico and the Montreal area.

Courtesy of EMAG

A classroom session covers a machine’s control at EMAG Academy.

Operations instruction is the most popular class for users who don’t already have a Makino machine, and maintenance tops the list for those who already have one with similar controls, Dermody noted. “Understanding what it takes to take care of that machine is very important to get the most out of it, and you get that information during the training classes,” he said.

Dermody added that customers typically receive training a week before or within a month after taking delivery. “That’s when we’d like to see them come in,” he said. “We don’t like to see a machine sit there on the floor with untrained people and not making the customer money.” However, training credits are good for 1 year after the purchase. Customers can also purchase additional credits.

Purchasing on-site training is another option at the point-of-sale. For that type of training, customers typically send operators from each shift to one class, or send shift leaders who then teach the operators, Dermody noted. When one of Makino’s larger machines is purchased, such as the T2 or T4 5-axis HMC, customers receive a week of on-site support from an application engineer to help get the machine up and running, including programming and operations assistance.

Although training at a machine builder’s facility involves travel and lodging expenses and requires workers to be out of the shop, the knowledge gained to run a machine or work cell more efficiently can justify the cost. “All in all, it’s a better scenario,” Dermody said.

He pointed out that customers who purchase an MMC (Makino Machining Complex) pallet-managed work cell participate in cell controller classes a week before installation to ensure they input data correctly so pallets move efficiently from the machines to the various work setting stations. “That is probably one of our most structured training schemes,” Dermody said.

When training operators, EMAG LLC recommends training operators from all shifts at the same time after shipment, according to Peter Loetzner, CEO of the Farmington Hills, Mich., machine builder. “If you want to have all three shifts being trained, you must have it at the end user’s site,” he said. “Hands-on training in their own environment turns out to be the best for the operators.”

On the other hand, programmable logic controller and CNC programming can occur while a machine is being built, and setup training usually occurs when the machine acceptance date is approaching or the shipment date is known, according to Loetzner. “Then we usually bring the setup personnel up to speed during that time,” he said, “but every customer does it differently, and it’s really the end user’s philosophy that we follow.”

Triad of Training

Training at a customer’s site during machine installation represents the best of times and the worst of times, according to DMG/Mori Seiki’s Jones. That training, which can last a couple of days to a couple of weeks, is effective because operators and other personnel are working with their machine, on their shop floor and producing their parts. However, taking care of problems in the plant and other interruptions disrupt the learning process, and the pressure to get the machine into production as fast as possible can send the builder’s application engineer packing before training is completed.

Therefore, Jones recommends a triad of training. The first part begins between the time an end user orders a machine and the delivery date and involves online training courses using interactive, Flash-based programming. “People are actually operating the machine in the virtual world, pushing all the buttons, dials and switches and watching the machine move on the screen,” he said. “They get two free seats per machine serial number they purchase, good for 6 months.”

That online training—in which courses can be repeated as many times as needed—enables shop personnel to understand a machine’s basic operations and terminology prior to machine delivery. Then, when it arrives, the application engineer can focus on more advanced functionality at a customer’s site to help the shop achieve the desired machine productivity, Jones noted about the triad’s second part.

The third part is advanced training at DMG/Mori Seiki University or at the company’s facilities in Houston, Charlotte, N.C., or Davis, Calif. Course length is from 2 to 5 days and covers machine operation, programming, maintenance and repair, and electrical and mechanical systems. “Then we can also send instructors and/or application engineers to the customer on a daily rate basis to work on more in-depth issues,” Jones said.

Courtesy of Siemens Industry

Training at a machine shop in a machine builder’s facility can make a significant difference in the bottom line, according to training experts.

According to Jones, one area in which shops are requesting more instruction is 5-axis programming. That type of training is especially important for manufacturers targeting aerospace and medical work, he emphasized. “It’s a whole different world going from 3- and 4-axis machining to 5-axis machining,” Jones said. “There’s a lot more going on, and that kind of training is fairly intense.”