Becoming familiar with CAM: Turning Performance

Shop Operations column looks at the benefits of becoming familiar with CAM software.

September 15, 2016By James Harvey

When our computer system crashed and was down for a few days, we were forced to write our programs manually to keep the wheels of industry turning. That was an eye-opener. A job that would normally take minutes to program took more than 10 times as long, if we could do it at all. And when a program was finally written manually, there was little confidence in it—for good reason—because it was usually loaded with mistakes.

The CAM system we use is CAMWorks, from Geometric. We chose the software some years ago because it was the only CAM package at that time that could be integrated with Geometric’s SolidWorks on the modeling side. It has worked well for us.

Cutting these vent pinholes on a conventional milling machine is less risky than using a CNC machine. All images courtesy J. Harvey.

One of the advantages of having the CAM software integrated with SolidWorks is that when you launch the SolidWorks application, the CAM application is immediately available for use.

Another benefit is that when working with a SolidWorks model, the toolpaths applied to the model with CAMWorks are saved in the SolidWorks file. It’s a compact, user-friendly arrangement.

Before I discuss how using CAM software makes my life easier, I’d like to point out that there are still jobs I feel more comfortable doing on manual, or conventional, machines. Jobs where the setup is skewed in some way come to mind. Our shop doesn’t have a 5-axis machine, so we have to tilt parts, which makes it difficult to pick a starting point.

For example, we ran one job on a CNC mill in which we had to put vent pinholes in about a dozen mold cavities. The cavities had to be tilted to get the holes in at the correct angle. We mounted a tooling ball on the cavities at a known location to get a starting point. The holes had to be close in diameter and precise in depth for the vent pins to press into them. The entire operation was risky.

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Holes that have to be machined at an extreme angle are cut into a tilted part on a conventional milling machine. The next time the job came up, I chose a conventional milling machining to install the vent pinholes. What a relief! It took half the time to install them compared to using the CNC machine—and with a lot less stress. The mold cavities were, of course, machined on a 3-axis CNC machine.

Another job I chose to run on a conventional milling machine is shown on page 38. Again, the holes had to be machined at a fairly extreme angle. The base part, however, was machined on a CNC mill.

In many cases, CNC machines simply are not substitutes for competent machinists.

When using CAM software, the first thing you need is a computer model of a part. The model allows you to apply cutter sizes and other machining parameters such as feeds, speeds and DOC to simulate cutting the model on a computer. Using CAM, you can get a good-but-not-perfect idea on the computer about how the process will run before putting the job on a machine.

CAM applications generate the G code that tells the spindle where to move and how fast to cut using a particular cutting tool. However, generating G code is almost an afterthought because it takes no thinking on your part. Once you’ve chosen toolpaths and input machining parameters, the G code is just a few clicks away.

Automatic programming utilities can be handy, but you’ll still fine-tune the program to get things to run the way you want. I tend to shy away from these utilities at the expense of taking more time initially. I prefer choosing the types and sizes of the cutters myself.

When vendors demonstrate CAM software at trade shows, they can program just about anything in seemingly no time at all, and the part will be cut beautifully on the computer. But you can bet vendors that demonstrate machines actually cutting metal have spent a lot of time fine-tuning their programs.